Vaccinating children against Hib has been very successful in significantly decreasing rates of Hib disease and almost eliminating the disease in countries that introduced the vaccine with high vaccination coverage. Healthy recipients may be susceptible to Hib disease for one or two weeks until antibodies are developed. 

Hib vaccine is currently available as single or in different combinations. The first dose of Hib containing vaccine is recommended to children aged 6 weeks or more and at least four weeks interval between the second and third dose of the vaccine. 

Some older children and adults with special conditions are at an increased risk for infection with Hib and should be vaccinated with one dose of the vaccine if they were not vaccinated in childhood. These conditions include sickle cell disease, removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplant, cancer treatment with drugs that weaken the immune system, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).