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The disease is a serious problem with a high mortality (10%) with malnutrition being an important factor. In temperate zone most cases of measles occur during winter and early spring. The incidence of measles increases during dry seasons in tropical zones.
In 2000, measles was estimated to cause approximately 31 to 39.9 million illnesses worldwide with an estimated 733,000 to 777,000 deaths, making it the fifth most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age.
Of these cases and deaths an estimated of 96 000 deaths due to measles were accounted In Eastern Mediterranean Region. By 2008, measles deaths had decreased to 7000 deaths from 96 000 in 2000 a reduction of 93%. In 2011, the number of confirmed measles cases decreased from about 88 000 in 1998 to 11 295.
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Meningococcal disease occurs in small clusters with seasonal variation and accounts for a variable proportion of epidemic bacterial meningitis. The majority of the cases occur in sub-Saharan African countries in what is called “the African meningitis belt”. South Sudan and Sudan are the only countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region that lie within this belt. However, other countries, specially those neighbouring the belt are also reporting meningococcal disease. |
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Pertussis is a disease which can be accompanied by serious complications and death, particularly in young children. Bronchopneumonia and other pulmonary infections are the leading complications of whooping cough.
Localized outbreaks have been reported in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. In 2010, 6286 cases of pertussis were reported in the Region. Of these cases, 73% were reported in Yemen (2534) and Iraq (2034). The remaining cases were reported in Somalia (665), Islamic Republic of Iran (464), Sudan (209), Pakistan (109), United Arab Emirates (79), Syrian Arab Republic (70), Kuwait (41), Oman (32), Lebanon (19), Morocco (15), Qatar (11) and Tunisia (4).
In 2008, pertussis or whooping cough caused an estimated 18 903 deaths in countries of the Region. It contributed to about 2% of deaths in children under five years of age. |
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In 2008, total number of children under 5 years who died from pneumococcal diseases was 476,000 deaths globally as compared to 826,000 in 2000.
On average about 75% of invasive pneumococcal diseases and 83% of pneumococcal meningitis occur in children aged <2 years. Case fatality rates can be high for invasive pneumococcal diseases, ranging up to 20% for pneumococcal bacteremia and 50% for pneumococcal meningitis in developing countries. Mortality is greatest in younger infants.
In 2008, pneumonia was responsible for about 19% of deaths in children aged less than five years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Of these, about 50% were caused by S. pneumonia. It is estimated that more than 1.5 million cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, resulting in more than 100 000 deaths in children aged less than five years have occurred in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
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