Neurological disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system, most frequently reported in primary care include headache, epilepsy, cerebro-vascular disorders, neuropathies, infectious disorders, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, and Parkinson's disease. They are responsible for around 6.29% of all disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to disease and injury worldwide, and 5.34% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Considering the global scenario and specific health challenges in the Region, the regional strategy aims at enhancing the capacity of Member States in providing integrated care for priority neurological disorders, using the mhGAP intervention guide and training material, as well as increasing public awareness about neurological disorders and their treatment through development of partnerships with public and private sectors and nongovernemntal organizations and collaboration with related social sectors such as education, social security, etc.