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Charge de la maladie |
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La rougeole est un problème sérieux avec un taux de mortalité de 10 % et dont la malnutrition représente un facteur important. Dans les zones modérées, la plupart des cas de la rougeole surviennent en hiver et au début du printemps. L’incidence de la rougeole augmente au cours des saisons secs dans les zones tropicales.
En 2000, la rougeole était estimée causer approximativement entre 31 et 39.9 millions de cas de morbidité dans le monde avec un nombre estimé de 733 000 à 777 000 mortalités, faisant de la rougeole la cinquième cause répandue de mortalités chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans.
Des cas et des mortalités, un nombre estimé de 96 000 de mortalités sont survenus dans la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Jusqu’au 2008, les mortalités dues à la rougeole ont diminué de 96 000 cas en 2000 à 7000 cas, soit une réduction de 93 %. En 2011, le nombre des cas de rougeole confirmés a diminué de 88 000 cas en 1998 à 11 295.
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Disease burden |
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Meningococcal disease occurs in small clusters with seasonal variation and accounts for a variable proportion of epidemic bacterial meningitis. The majority of the cases occur in sub-Saharan African countries in what is called “the African meningitis belt”. South Sudan and Sudan are the only countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region that lie within this belt. However, other countries, specially those neighbouring the belt are also reporting meningococcal disease. |
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Disease burden |
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Pertussis is a disease which can be accompanied by serious complications and death, particularly in young children. Bronchopneumonia and other pulmonary infections are the leading complications of whooping cough.
Localized outbreaks have been reported in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. In 2010, 6286 cases of pertussis were reported in the Region. Of these cases, 73% were reported in Yemen (2534) and Iraq (2034). The remaining cases were reported in Somalia (665), Islamic Republic of Iran (464), Sudan (209), Pakistan (109), United Arab Emirates (79), Syrian Arab Republic (70), Kuwait (41), Oman (32), Lebanon (19), Morocco (15), Qatar (11) and Tunisia (4).
In 2008, pertussis or whooping cough caused an estimated 18 903 deaths in countries of the Region. It contributed to about 2% of deaths in children under five years of age. |
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Disease burden |
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Disease burden |
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In 2008, total number of children under 5 years who died from pneumococcal diseases was 476,000 deaths globally as compared to 826,000 in 2000.
On average about 75% of invasive pneumococcal diseases and 83% of pneumococcal meningitis occur in children aged <2 years. Case fatality rates can be high for invasive pneumococcal diseases, ranging up to 20% for pneumococcal bacteremia and 50% for pneumococcal meningitis in developing countries. Mortality is greatest in younger infants.
In 2008, pneumonia was responsible for about 19% of deaths in children aged less than five years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Of these, about 50% were caused by S. pneumonia. It is estimated that more than 1.5 million cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, resulting in more than 100 000 deaths in children aged less than five years have occurred in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
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