WHO technical manual on tobacco tax policy and administration

Publication date: 2021

This WHO technical manual on tobacco tax policy and administration builds upon the 2010 WHO technical manual on tobacco tax administration by further detailing the strategies for effective tobacco tax policy development, design, implementation and administration. This 2021 edition also serves as an update to the 2010 manual, incorporating the latest developments in science, technology and policy, as well as providing illustrative recent examples from a variety of countries. The best practices laid out in this manual are designed to inform governments on the development of their tobacco taxation policy, facilitating the achievement of their health and revenue objectives while also supporting their overall development strategy.

Tobacco tax: Afghanistan

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Afghanistan looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Afghanistan, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Afghanistan, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Bahrain

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Bahrain looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Bahrain, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Bahrain, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Djibouti

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Djibouti looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Djibouti, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Djibouti, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Egypt

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Egypt looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Egypt, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Egypt, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Islamic Republic of Iran

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for the Islamic Republic of Iran looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Iraq

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Iraq looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Iraq, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Iraq, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Jordan

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Jordan looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Jordan, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Jordan, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Kuwait

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Kuwait looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Kuwait, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Kuwait, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Lebanon

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Lebanon looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Lebanon, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Lebanon, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Libya

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Libya looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Libya, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Libya, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Morocco

Publication date: 2020

TThis is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Morocco looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Morocco, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Morocco, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Oman

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Oman looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Oman, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Oman, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Pakistan

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Pakistan looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Pakistan, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Pakistan, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Palestine

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Palestine looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Palestine, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Palestine, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Qatar

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Qatar looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Qatar, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Qatar, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Saudi Arabia

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Saudi Arabia looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Saudi Arabia, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Saudi Arabia, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Somalia

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Somalia looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Somalia, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Somalia, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability..

Tobacco tax: Sudan

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Sudan looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Sudan, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Sudan, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Syrian Arab Republic

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for the Syrian Arab Republic looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in the Syrian Arab Republic, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Tunisia

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Tunisia looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Tunisia, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Tunisia, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: United Arab Emirates

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for United Arab Emirates looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in United Arab Emirates, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in United Arab Emirates, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco tax: Yemen

Publication date: 2020

This is one of a series of factsheets produced by WHO to examine tobacco tax in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This country factsheet for Yemen looks at WHO recommendations for taxing tobacco in general, how tobacco is being taxed in Yemen, and WHO’s recommended next steps for tobacco tax in Yemen, as well as tobacco tax as percentage of retail price, and price and affordability.

Tobacco excise duties in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council

Publication date: 2016

This report provides a clear roadmap for GCC countries to follow moving forward, given the global evidence on the effectiveness of tobacco taxes in promoting health and raising revenues, and based on the best practices in tobacco taxation gleaned from experiences in numerous countries around the world. The time is right for GCC countries to adopt significant excise taxes on tobacco products..

Raise taxes on tobacco products

Publication date: 2014

Tobacco consumption is increasing in many countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Taxation on tobacco products is one of the most effective ways of reducing tobacco use. Higher tobacco taxes raise tobacco prices leading to reductions in tobacco consumption. Increasing the price of tobacco reduces tobacco use by discouraging initiation among potential users, and encouraging current users to quit. By taxing all tobacco products significantly to increase prices, public health can be dramatically improved, and government revenue can be generated.

Increasing tobacco taxation revenue in Egypt

Publication date: 2010

This fact sheet examines: Egypt’s existing tobacco tax system; the new tax change that became effective on 1 July 2010; and its implications on generating more revenues for the government and improving public health by reducing tobacco consumption.

Arabic English 

Tobacco taxation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Publication date: 2010

This fact sheet examines tobacco taxation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It discusses: how higher taxes on tobacco products provide significant financial and health benefits; the various types of taxation regimes; the importance of adopting appropriate taxation policies; tobacco industry arguments against higher taxation; and best practices around the world in reviewing tobacco taxation policies and how to move forward at regional level.

Arabic English 

Tobacco and poverty: A vicious circle

Publication date: 2004

"Tobacco and poverty" is a package developed for the World No Tobacco Day 2004 campaign. "A vicious circle" illustrates the link between tobacco and poverty. Tobacco tends to be consumed by those who are poorer. In turn, it contributes to poverty through loss of income, loss of productivity, disease and death. Together, tobacco and poverty form a vicious circle from which it is often difficult to escape.

Arabic English 

Tobacco and poverty: Tobacco increases the poverty of individuals and families

Publication date: 2004

“Tobacco and poverty” is a package developed for the World No Tobacco Day 2004 campaign. “Tobacco increases the poverty of individuals and families” illustrates how in most countries, tobacco use tends to be higher among the poor. In turn, poor families spend a larger portion of their income on tobacco. Money spent on tobacco cannot be spent on basic human needs, such as food, shelter, education and health care.

Arabic English 

Tobacco and poverty: Tobacco increases the poverty of countries

Publication date: 2004

“Tobacco and poverty” is a package developed for the World No Tobacco Day 2004 campaign. “Tobacco increases the poverty of countries” illustrates how tobacco not only impoverishes those who use it, it puts an enormous financial burden on countries. The costs of tobacco use at the national level encompass increased health care costs, lost productivity due to illness and early death, foreign exchange losses and environmental damage.

Arabic English 

Tobacco and poverty: The economics of tobacco in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Publication date: 2004

“Tobacco and poverty” is a package developed for the World No Tobacco Day 2004 campaign. “The economics of tobacco in the Eastern Mediterranean Region” assesses the tobacco situation at global and regional level. It discusses the: current and future burden of disease and death; addictive nature of tobacco products; prevalence of tobacco use among young people; implementation of taxation, restrictions, bans and health warnings; importance of adopting multi-pronged approaches to tobacco control; and WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

Arabic English 

The economics of tobacco in Egypt: A new analysis of demand

Publication date: 2003

This study examines the economics of tobacco production and demand in Egypt. It reviews previous studies of demand for cigarettes in Egypt, consumption trends in Egypt, in the context of regional trends, and the data on tobacco-attributable diseases in Egypt. It describes the structure and trends in cigarette production in Egypt, and the level of imports and exports.

Analysis of the economics of tobacco in Morocco

Publication date: 2003

This study of the tobacco industry and taxation policy in Morocco summarizes tobacco expenditure data from surveys, and looks at trends in these expenditures. The taxation and price policy implemented by the Moroccan government is described, and the overall contribution of the industry to tax revenues is estimated. The report describes how the industry is organized, including farming activities, processing, marketing and the distribution network.

English 

Evaluating the impact of tobacco control policies on employment in Egypt

Publication date: 2003

This study examines certain economic questions that Egyptian policy-makers should address when considering tobacco control measures. It aims in particular to study the impact on employment in the tobacco industry of policies that reduce the demand for tobacco.

Arabic English