Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by L. major, occurs sporadically in Oman with the suspected vector being P. papatasi.

Currently, cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are reported sporadically from the northern and southern Dhofar region. In 2008, there were seven cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis; these were scattered cases from Muscat, Dhofar, North Batinah, Dhakhliya and Buraimi.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been diagnosed clinically and confirmed by identifying amastigotes in touch–smear preparations, Wright-Giemsa stained. Treatment by pentavalent antimonalis is available in all referral hospitals.

There is no evidence of an active transmission area and the animal reservoir host has not been established in Oman.